“4 Box” Approach to Complicated Clinical Ethical Questions Adapted from: Jonsen AR, Sieger M, Winslade WJ. Clinical Ethics: A Practical Approach to Ethical Decisions in Clinical Medicine. 8th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hills; 2015. Beneficence and Nonmaleficence 1.What is the patient’s medical problem? 2.Is the problem acute? Chronic? Critical? Reversible? Emergent? Terminal?3.Where the goals of […]